By 1936 at least 1,000,000 Jews in Poland were losing their source of subsistence, and by 1939 just over that number were totally dependent for their survival on relief from Jewish agencies in the United States.” (p. THE PARASITIC JEWISH MIDDLEMAN IS STEADILY REPLACED BY THE PRODUCTIVE POLISH PEASANT COOPERATIVE IN INTERWAR POLANDĪgainst the misconception of pre-WWII Jewish poverty being caused primarily by Polish discrimination, and the misconception that “unproductive” Jewish middlemen were merely being replaced by “unproductive” Polish middlemen, Zamoyski writes: “Every time a new peasant co-operative was founded or a village combined to sell its produce directly to the buyer, the livelihood of several Jewish families vanished. They were strong in the Bund, which in 1898 allied itself with the Russian Social Democratic Party, turning its back on the PPS and the cause of Polish independence.” (p. The Litwaki, as they were known, did not even speak Polish. Zamoyski comments: “As a result of mass expulsions from the Western Gubernias in the 1890’s, vast numbers of Jews settled in the Kingdom, of whose entire population they now made up 14.6%.
One of the main causes of the 20th-century Polish-Jewish conflict originated in the late 19th century, when the tsarist authorities made Russian-ruled eastern Poland a dumping ground for Russian Jews. THE PALE OF JEWISH SETTLEMENT AND JEWISH SEPARATISMįast forward three centuries. Owing to the wealth of information presented, I focus only on a few salient facts. This one-volume history of Poland covers the period of prehistory up through the “free” elections of 1989. Jewish Middleman: Polish Peasant Cooperatives Replace the Superfluous Jewish Middleman, Causing Massive Jewish Poverty in the 1930’s.
The Polish Way: A Thousand-Year History of the Poles and Their Culture, by Adam Zamoyski.
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